The Tanum Rock Carvings (Tanums Hällristningar), renowned worldwide, are situated just outside the town of Tanumshede in the northern region of Tanums Kommun. They represent the largest assemblage of Bronze Age rock carvings in Sweden and have been recognized as a remarkable cultural heritage by being listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994.
During our trip, the rock Carvings in Tanum pleasantly surprised us, becoming the highlight of our visit. In fact, we were so captivated by them that we now own a replica of a famous carving from the Vitlycke site, known as the “lovers,” on our home wall.
Unbeknownst to us, we embarked on our adventure solely relying on Google’s recommendations for interesting activities nearby. It wasn’t until we arrived at the location that my boyfriend’s familiarity with the carvings from his school history books kicked in! They instantly became a captivating highlight, and I couldn’t help but find them immensely amusing—after all, the sight of hundreds of penises etched onto the rocks is undeniably intriguing! Our fascination grew to the point where we enthusiastically ventured to explore every site in the vicinity.
Encompassing an extensive area of 45 km2, the Tanum UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site comprises 500 different locations, housing tens of thousands of images. Four main sites – Fossum, Vitlycke (accompanied by a museum), Aspeberget, and Litsleby – offer free access, complete with informational panels and parking facilities.
The true purpose behind these rock carvings remains shrouded in mystery; however, they are widely believed to have held religious or sacred significance. Repeated motifs include boats, cup marks, humans, animals, footprints, musical instruments, weaponry, carts, plows, wheels, and carriages. Men are often depicted with a penis, frequently erect, and wielding weapons, while women are commonly portrayed with a ponytail.
The original carvings were created by hand, forming grooves in the stone without any paint. Some carvings are shallow, only a few millimeters deep, while others extend as far as four centimeters. However, visibility can sometimes be challenging, which is where the painted images come into play. The museum has applied red paint to a selection of carvings, making them easier to identify and appreciate.
Vitlycke
If you have limited time, prioritize a visit to Vitlycke. This site not only showcases remarkable rock carvings but also houses a charming museum, a gift shop, and a small Bronze Age farm located behind the museum. Exploring the surroundings will allow you to witness more farms, encounter animals, observe a sacrificial bog, and discover models of animal traps. Although various activities usually take place during holidays, our visit coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, making us virtually the only visitors in the area.
The carvings at Vitlycke primarily originated between 1000-500 BC, although some were added during the early Iron Age, approximately from 500 BC to AD 1.
The central panel at Vitlycke boasts an extensive array of images, including what is arguably the most renowned depiction among the Tanum rock carvings: the lovers. Often referred to as the Holy Bride and Groom or the Bridal Couple, this carving portrays a man and a woman engaged in a passionate kiss.
Following a short path will lead you past several smaller rock panels adorned with captivating carvings. Among them is the frequently depicted image of a boat carrying people, which is currently featured on the 50-krona banknote.
The area is ideal for a leisurely walk, but do exercise caution around ant colonies and avoid standing too close to their nests. On a couple of occasions, I unwittingly ventured too near and hastily retreated when they bit my foot. 😛
Fossum
Fossum stands out as the most accessible site, and its main panel is widely acclaimed for its exceptional quality. Remarkably, the rock carvings at Fossum are believed to be the masterpiece of a single artist, evident in the striking resemblance among approximately 200 figures and their harmonious arrangement. These captivating carvings portray hunting scenes, musicians, and warriors wielding axes. The presence of weaponry has been instrumental in dating these carvings to the Late Bronze Age, specifically around 700-600 BC.
Aspeberget
Located approximately 800 meters south of Vittlycke, atop a small mountain known as the Holy Mountain, lies Aspeberget—a site boasting an impressive collection of 20 distinct rocks adorned with various rock carvings. This concentration of carvings represents the largest in the entire region.
The primary panel, which can be reached with just a brief stroll from the parking lot, is complemented by an additional kilometer-long path that meanders past the other captivating panels.
While exploring Aspeberget, it’s worth noting that many of the carvings remain unpainted. Consequently, deciphering their intricate details can prove challenging during the midday when the sun is high overhead. However, the task becomes notably easier during the early morning or late afternoon.
Litsleby
In close proximity to the parking lot lies the main panel, showcasing the largest human figure depicted in rock art throughout Scandinavia. Towering at an impressive height of 235 cm, this oversized portrayal of a spear-wielding man is widely recognized as the Spear God and is often regarded as a precursor to the later Norse deity, Odin.
The carvings found at this site span a considerable timeline, with the earliest creations believed to date back to the middle of the Bronze Age (1200-1000 BC). Conversely, the most recent additions were made during the Early Iron Age, between 500 BC and AD 1.
A walking tour of the World Heritage Site
Immersing ourselves in the fascinating world of rock carvings, we chanced upon a map showcasing a captivating 5 km walking tour known as “Vandring i Världsarv” (Hiking in World Heritage). This scenic route led us to three distinct locations adorned with thrilling rock carvings: Lövåsen, featuring a shaman; Gerumhällen, boasting a flying swing; and Sotetorp, with ships filled with people executing backward somersaults.
The tour not only allowed us to admire the painted and unpainted carvings but also provided a glimpse into other cultural and historical wonders along the way. We strolled past livestock paths, caught sight of a ruined windmill, and explored the remnants of cottages. It was a really nice hike if you are in the neighborhood.
